Character Formation free essay sample

Utilization of Devices in London's To Build A Fire           Jack London utilizes the gadgets of plot, setting, and portrayal in this short story To Build A Fire to pass on his message that people should be social.  London sets a normal, moderately aged lumberjack in an abandoned Yukon trail during a frigid season.  The temperature is seventy-five degrees beneath zero and the lumberjack and his imposing are going towards Henderson Creek, around ten miles away, where the lumberjack's associates are located.  London puts the man in this Yukon condition to represent that in this chilly, remorseless world, we have to figure out how to profit from one another.           Prior to setting out on his excursion, the lumberjack is offered guidance from an old-clock at Sulfur Creek that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below.  The lumberjack thinks this is somewhat womanish and accepts he can get by himself.  Along his excursion, the man experiences demise as he falls into a spring, where  At a spot where there were no signs, where the delicate, whole snow appeared to publicize robustness underneath, the man broke through.  It was not deep.  He wet himself most of the way up the knees before he struggled out to the firm crust.  Then the man constructs a fire underneath a tree and snow falls over it putting it out.  London makes these characteristic occasions in the plot to demonstrate they are not the reason for the man's demise.           Using portrayal, London can show by virtue of who is alive toward the end how one advantages from being social.  The old-clock at Sulfur Creek is alive on the grounds that he is experienced and insightful enough to profit from others' encounters that it isn't insightful to travel alone in the Yukon. The young men at camp are likewise alive on the grounds that they are together and can profit from each other.  The lumberjack's imposing is alive in light of the fact that it is appropriate for the Yukon condition, while the lumberjack is not.  Unlike the other characters, London has the man kick the bucket toward the finish of the story to show that he kicks the bucket in light of his egotism in his capacity to travel alone. Utilization of Devices in London's To Build A Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays Utilization of Devices in London's To Build A Fire           Jack London utilizes the gadgets of plot, setting, and portrayal in this short story To Build A Fire to pass on his message that people should be social.  London sets a normal, moderately aged lumberjack in an abandoned Yukon trail during a snowy season.  The temperature is seventy-five degrees underneath zero and the lumberjack and his imposing are going towards Henderson Creek, around ten miles away, where the lumberjack's sidekicks are located.  London puts the man in this Yukon condition to represent that in this chilly, brutal world, we have to figure out how to profit from one another.           Prior to setting out on his excursion, the lumberjack is offered guidance from an old-clock at Sulfur Creek that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below.  The lumberjack thinks this is fairly womanish and accepts he can get by himself.  Along his excursion, the man experiences demise as he falls into a spring, where  At a spot where there were no signs, where the delicate, whole snow appeared to promote robustness underneath, the man broke through.  It was not deep.  He wet himself most of the way up the knees before he struggled out to the firm crust.  Then the man assembles a fire underneath a tree and snow falls over it putting it out.  London makes these characteristic occasions in the plot to demonstrate they are not the reason for the man's demise.           Using portrayal, London can show by virtue of who is alive toward the end how one advantages from being social.  The old-clock at Sulfur Creek is alive on the grounds that he is experienced and insightful enough to profit from others' encounters that it isn't savvy to travel alone in the Yukon. The young men at camp are additionally alive in light of the fact that they are together and can profit from each other.  The lumberjack's imposing is alive on the grounds that it is appropriate for the Yukon condition, while the lumberjack is not.  Unlike the other characters, London has the man bite the dust toward the finish of the story to show that he bites the dust on account of his egotism in his capacity to travel alone.

How to Get Your CDL in District of Columbia and Hawaii

Step by step instructions to Get Your CDL in District of Columbia and Hawaii This article is helpful for any individual who needs to get your CDL in District of Columbia or Hawaii. On the off chance that you need to find out about winning a CDL at different states, we have assembled a far reaching guide on the most proficient method to get a business driver’s permit in each condition of the nation. Region of ColumbiaBefore you apply for a CDL, you should have aâ noncommercial driver’s permit and afterward get a CDL learner’s grant. A learner’s license permits you to drive a business vehicles ifâ accompanied by somebody with a substantial CDL for that class.SEE ALSO: How to Get Your CDL in Indiana, Iowa, and IllinoisGetting Your CDLSchedule your CDL street test by visiting the online administrations street test arrangement scheduler.When you take the CDL street test, you should bring alongâ a driver withâ a legitimate CDL of at any rate a similar class as the vehicle you’ll be driving. You should alsoâ bring the acco mpanying things to your CDL street test appointment:A substantial District of Columbia driver’s licenseA CDL learner’s permitA legitimate and stepped U.S. Division of Transportation clinical confirmation cardAn void vehicle for testing that is a similar sort as your picked CDL class, and a legitimate enlistment documentA substantial driver’s permit with a â€Å"G† (government) underwriting, if utilizing an administration vehicleAfter you effectively complete the street test, you may apply to redesign from your learner’s grant to a CDL.Taking the TestsThe District of Columbia requires the accompanying to get a CDL:Applicants mustâ correctly answer at any rate 80% of the inquiries to pass the information testApplicants must have enough on-street practice to finish the aptitudes assessment in theâ commercial vehicle type that they wish to be authorized forHawaiiHawaii is not quite the same as every single other state in that you should be 21 years of age to apply for a CDL.Here are the means you should take to apply for a CDL:1. Provideâ a visa type photograph. in color.2. Round out a CDL application.3. Give aâ current driver’s permit, Social Security card, and guaranteed birth certificate.4. Flexibly a DOT clinical report.5. Pass an eye exam.6. Take and breeze through aâ written general information assessment and any of the composed support exams.After finishing stages 1-6, you will be givenâ a CDL guidance grant. This permits you to rehearse drivingâ in the class of vehicle you expect to take your street test in under the management of an authorized business driver.7. At last, you would then be able to calendar and take the aptitudes test, or on-street driving test. The request of the tests is: pre-trip review; rough terrain; and street test.In Hawaii, a CDL is substantial for as long as 8 years. From that point forward, you have to recharge it. On the off chance that you’re 72 or more established, y ou have to reestablish it like clockwork.

My Monday (in Snaps)

My Monday (in Snaps) (Take a look at “My Monday” by Yuliya K. 18 for her day in the life at MIT post) 8:45: Wakeup. For real this time, after 10+ snoozes. 8:53: First snap! Of a TMAYD MIT (Tell Me About Your Day MIT) wristband. Happy Monday, MIT! Also my roommate picked up my first paycheck in our shared mailbox. Exciting stuff! 9:05: Depart Conner 5. Isn’t our elevator art on point? (We’re the Home of the Velociraptors, in case you were wondering) 9:06: Aaaand it’s cold outside at a crisp 45 degrees. But good thing I’m all bundled up though, with a beanie and down jacket. 9:10: Arrive at Johnson Arena, next to the Z-Center for skating practice. During practice, a friend from Technique, the yearbook, photography, and design club, drops by to take some pictures for her photography class project. 10:00: OK, so I woke up later than I intended, so my training session was cut short. Ideally I’d wake up early enough to skate the full session starting at 8am. Anyways, it’s time for breakfast! I always dig the chocolate milk, especially after practice! 10:45: Walk across Mass Ave and enter Lobby 7 on my way to take the 3.091 (Solid State Chem) midterm. Quick diversion: it’s a hackthe MIT Zoo! (Check out “A Collection of Curious Creatures at the MIT Zoo” by Chris Peterson for some great shots) 10:59: Got just a little distracted by the zoo animals, but I arrive at 10-250 with a few minutes to spare (on MIT time). T-6 mins before exam begins. 11:02: T-2 mins… Time to get calculator, pencil, eraser, periodic table, table of constants, and cheat sheet out. 11:04: Here we gooooo! OK, it’s time to put my phone away. 12:08: Walk out of 10-250 feeling WRECKED by the midterm. alksjdfiwejkndfv. I can’t even think straight anymore. My brain hurts. 12:10: Down the hall it’s Lobby 7! Lobby 7 is always on point. There’s light and beauty at the end of the hallway/tunnelthat’s what I’d like to think at least… Now off to Rotch Library to pset for 8.01 13:30: Still psetting. 13:45: Time to leave for 18.02 recitation. Back down to Lobby 7, and another chance to receive the full MIT Zoo experience, feat. dino, ¾ of cow, seal, and head of cow. 13:48: Oops. Forgot to get lunch. Run to Masseh to get food to-go. 13:57: Run through the Infinite, weaving through people to get to Building 66. 14:05: Made it just in time. We get back our 18.02 midterms that we took on Thursday. No time to look them overwe got material to cover. Today it’s line integrals. Fun stuff. 15:05: MAS.A19 seminar, aka “Designing Consumer Electronics” and held at the Media Lab which has to be the coolest building on campus. Snacks provided too! 17:10: Walking through the Infinite for the n-th time today, I am greeted by another zoo animal, this time it’s a circular cow hanging from the ceiling. Mooooo. 17:15: Make my way to Barker Library. The reading room is an amazing place to study (and to doze off) in. Nikola Tesla’s bust resides outside Barker. 18:20: Attempting to finish 8.01. Can’t figure out a part of a part of a problem. Noooooo. Time to go to office hours. 18:30: 8.01 office hours. Ask for help to figure out what I’m doing wrong. So I do it on the whiteboards again to double check my strategy. And it works! I can’t algebra, that’s why. Oops. 18:50: Walk thru Infinite for the infinith-time. This time I spot a hanging octopus. Yeeeeewalking thru the Infinite today has been so exciting! 18:51: I spy free food in Lobby 10. Time to snack up on some sandwiches. Have yet to eat dinner. 18:55: Cross Mass Ave once again. Building 7 looks on point at night. 19:00: Arrive at the TechX office in the Student Center for a meeting about organizing the Banquet for xFair, MIT’s spring career fair and expo. A futon is convenietnly opened up. Would love to take a nap, but it’s time to discuss logistics! Oh, and there’s also snacks stocked up in the room. Yay. 20:54. Time to eat dinner. Back again at Masseh. 21:05: Not too much time to waste. Back in the Infinite on my way to Building 2 for the general TechX Logistics Committee meeting. More discussion and planning and emails. 22:04: Meeting ended early! Finally back in Burton Conner after a full day out. Greeted by our floor’s uber cool light-up sign, which is reprogrammable. 22:06: Got an email that my Amazon shipment has arrived. Yay for Amazon Prime! Also 3.091 midterm grades released. I know right?! The average was a 63%. I did a lot better than I thought I did. I didnt fail. So yay! Two midterms down, one to go. (18.02 happened last week, 8.01 on Thursday) 22:20: Bought a card reader for CF memory card. Now I can transfer and edit photos that I took from a camera checked out from Technique, the yearbook, design, and photography club. 23:50: Done playing for the day. Back to psetting… 00:51: Finally done with the 8.01 pset! #success OK, its bedtime 01:00: ‘Night.

Review Of Five Reasons Why The Gulf Stopped Funding Al Sisi

Genre Analysis: The social purpose of this Factorial explanation is that any historical event can be illustrated by two or more factors (Martin Rose, 2007) to describe the events that happened on July 24, 2014. A Factorial explanation has different stages, which include Phenomenon and explanation. These stages consist of various factors. The first three stages are combined together to construct the nucleus, while the explanation is divided into various factors. These factors could be functioning as explanation of reasons that affect the occurrence of the phenomenon. The headline of the factorial explanation, which is titled Five reasons why the Gulf stopped funding Al-Sisi , draws attention to the most vital aspect of the news event and makes the reader of the news more relevant to the story. In the next stage, which is the phenomenon, it introduces the main event. In addition, the explanation stage in this factorial explanation â€Å"An Egyptian economic expert said that five reasons caused the friends of Egypt conference to fail and made the Gulf States reluctant to provide more loans and grants to President Abdel Fatah Al- Sisi despite his victory in the presidential election† focuses on the main event and also elaborates on other events related to the story. The information in the lead is further developed in the next stage, which is the lead development. The explanation has five factors in which each factor has its own information making each factor

Ford Motor Company An American Automotive Company

Ford motor Company is an American Automotive company that manufactures and sells top of the line auto motives worldwide. Ford is known for the Ford F-series pickup trucks, which is â€Å"America’s top-selling vehicle (pg.721). Their product and services are trucks, cars, SUV’s, commercial vehicles and Lincoln braded luxury vehicles. The company’s headquarter is located in, Dearborn, Michigan and was founded by Henry Ford in 1903. Ford is the second in producing automobiles in United States and the fifths largest producer in the world. The goal for Ford customers is in building a strong relationship with potential customers though out experience. Ford put themselves in a pickle, and they their sales and profits and overall production and†¦show more content†¦So he underwent a plan and where Ford would be successful and profitable. Ford motor company distributes and manufactures into different segments around the world like, North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Africa. The main issue in this case was expanding overseas and reshape the financial problems. I think to me the most interesting thing about this case study was how Ford introduced and outsider with no automotive industry experience. To me this is outstanding and a risky move, but I’ve heard the â€Å"higher the risk the higher the outcome†. But I think his experience in management is what transferred and made him succeed. Now, explaining the external analysis, internal analysis, and SWOT analysis of Ford will support my recommendations for the company. External Analysis Threats of new Entrants When you are talking about the auto industry, this force is weak. Since the automotive industry is very mature and in order to compete in these industry is really difficult, meaning economies of scale are really high. When you put in to consideration that cars are expensive to make, this means barrier of entry are high because of all the companies inside the industry. Being it really hard to build new loyal customer and product differentiation, it would at it max difficult to enter this industry endless you had high startup capital and be experts in RD. You also have to put into consideration various government

The Impacts of the Global Recession of 2008-2009 Free Essays

string(94) " reservations dropped immensely and Mauritius and Tanzania faced numerous tour cancellations\." The world recession of 2008 to 2009 was caused ultimately by global imbalances in trade and capital flows, globalization of financial markets, the trend towards a new finance-led capitalism and the related pattern of income distribution. The effects of the recession on Africa were tremendous and are still being felt today. Africa is homeland to numerous natural resources. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impacts of the Global Recession of 2008-2009 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contrary to this, it is one of poorest regions in the world constituting almost 10% of the world’s population and ravaged by high crime rates and the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The worldwide economic crisis of late 2008 and 2009 made significant economic and social developmental challenges for African countries. Even if the impact of the economic crisis on Africa was expected initially to be less severe, its challenges have now been estimated to be profound. The profit Africa gained from the exports and imports of natural resources and commodities has reduced substantially. Trade with China and the United States of America became significantly feeble. Interestingly, the outcome of the recession seems to vary from country to country. However, there have been common economic impacts seen from those countries which participate in large scale exportation. Therefore, this essay serves the main purpose of identifying the impacts made by the recession on Africa. These aspects include, impacts made on the tourism, agriculture, hospitality, banking, health, oil and mining sectors. In addition, it identifies the effects on the economy namely, global trade, foreign direct investment, remittances, foreign aid flow and over above this, the exacerbation of poverty as well the positive impacts and changes the recession brought. To make a start with this subject, the consequences of the global economic crisis have been manifold. The crisis has brought a profound economic decline in the economies of African countries and the growth rates have dropped. Furthermore, the impacts brought about by the recession hit all major economic goals, causing a down turn in the natural resources sector and recent development strategies. International trade has played a pivotal role in the economic growth of African countries, with the demand of African commodities increasingly growing in the global market. When the recession had worsened, the most immediate effect was a decline in the exporting and demand of African commodities. In 2009, global trade experienced the sharpest drop in seventy years especially trade in iron, steel and manufacturers and industrial machinery were affected severely. 60 percent of African exports go to the European Union as well as the United States. 1] Thus, considering the fact that America and European countries were adversely affected by the financial crisis, where imports fell by 2 and 5 percent respectively and a substantial fall in the prices of commodities such as copper and oil, African countries were the most vulnerable. As a result, there has been a major decrease in the economic growth rates and account balances. This is saddening, considering the fact that many countries depen d on the exporting revenue of natural resources such as oil and minerals. By way of example, mineral exporting countries such as Zimbabwe, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo dropped approximately 6 billion US dollars in 2009. Furthermore, countries such as Nigeria and Angola saw a deficit of about 79 million dollars and Uganda, the second largest coffee producer and exporter in Africa, experienced a shortfall from 36. 3 million to 23. 9 million. Moreover, South Africa’s total exports decreased significantly in 2009. The most affected product being wine which experienced a large drop in total volumes. Pursuing this point further, the decline in the price of African commodities led to a major loss in trade and trade tax revenue. For instance, crude oil which plays a vital role in making products such as paint, diesel fuel, heating oil and make up has been reported to be the most affected commodity in Africa. There have been numerous statistics showing its decline by 50 % between 2008 and 2009. [2] Over and above this, there has been a 20% fall in the prices of coffee, sugar, copper and cotton during this period. According to statistics given by the African Development Bank, Africa has experienced a decline of 15 billion US dollars in trade tax which accounts for 4. 6 % of government revenue and 1% of Gross Domestic Product. Moreover, the major African oil producers Angola and Nigeria together suffered a loss of 4. 6 billion US dollars in their oil exports. In fact, this has been the largest loss for oil exporting countries of Africa. With regards to the oil, the demand for international market has been reduced by a large margin, coupled with a decline in oil prices. These are the circumstances that have lead to a decline in the oil sector. Oil is a major source of energy in Nigeria and the world at large. As the mainstay of the Nigerian economy and by playing a pivotal role in shaping the economic and political destiny, the reduction of oil exporting revenue consequently affects the economy at large. [3] In the case of both Nigeria and Angola there was a decline in government revenues from 30% in 2007 to 22% in 2009. This in turn significantly reduced the value of the currency. By way of example, we shall look at the impact the recession had on the tourism and hospitality sector. Tourism is key sector for triggering economic growth and in addition, it is a major source of foreign currency and its labour intensive nature ensures that there is employment. Countries like Morocco, Mauritius, Uganda and Kenya are largely dependent on their tourism revenues. Most notably, Botswana’s tourism sector is one of the counties major economic contributors, with tourist attractions like the Chobe National Park, Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Gemsbok National Park to mention but a few. Like numerous other industries, this sector was adversely affected by the global economic crisis. Mainly hotel reservations dropped immensely and Mauritius and Tanzania faced numerous tour cancellations. You read "The Impacts of the Global Recession of 2008-2009" in category "Essay examples" Consequently, a decline in tourism revenue affects food security, purchasing power and potential for expansion. Moreover, in Kenya we see a steady fall in remittances in October 2008 from 61 million dollars to 39 million dollars in January 2009. In fact, tourism receipts went down by 13% in the last quarter of 2008. Additionally, tourism in Zimbabwe was amongst the fastest growing sectors of the economy by contributing significantly to Zimbabwe’s Gross Domestic Product during the period 1980 to 2000. However, as a result of the recession, tourism was the third largest foreign exchange earner in Zimbabwe after tobacco and gold. [4a] In spite of many economic and political hindrances, Zimbabwe is host to one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Victoria Falls and is home to many tourist attractions such as Lake Kariba, the Eastern Highlands, Great Zimbabwe ruins and boasts of a favourable warm climate. This explains why tourism has historically been an important sector in the Zimbabwean economy. The industry currently employs a significant percentage of the working population. This leads us to the issue of unemployment. Unemployment rose quite drastically in 2009, between 13 and 18 million jobs were lost according to the ILO. [4] Unemployment is rising as a result of the laying off of workers in export orientated industries. Furthermore, the continuing decline in the consumers’ purchasing power reduces demand for manufactured goods, such as household items, clothing and food. In the DRC, 100 000 workers lost jobs following the closing of 40 mines and as a result of 17 mining firms leaving the country. In addition, 80 000 workers in Zambia’s copper belt were left jobless. Many Zimbabwean citizens go abroad in search of greener pastures, and remit money to their families back home, with the sole purpose of investing and consuming. Most of these citizens are either living in South Africa or the United Kingdom. Thus, the world recession reduced employment opportunities to those citizens working abroad. Moreover, there has been a rapid decline in remittances since rising unemployment in Europe is compressing the demand for migrants. The estimated $15 billion dollars sent to Africa as remittances each year dropped significantly by 11%. A decline in remittances also affects household income security. It is of adequate importance to note that these remittances comprise of capital inflows, which are the main source of Africa’s external revenue. These include foreign aid, migrant workers’ remittances and charities. As far as foreign aid is concerned, the majority of African countries largely depend on foreign aid and other charities from the international communities such as Aid for Africa as well as the United Nations. 5] Before the crisis arose, many African countries saw an increase in their annual aid and received a lump sum of money and commodities from many of the countries who form the G8, as a result of the their 2005 summit. However, when the crisis had a profound impact on the American and European economies a number of these developed countries were either forced to withdraw or reduce their a id to Africa. As far as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is concerned, Africa is getting the world’s maximum total amount of foreign development support which comprises of almost 27. 19 billion US dollars. 6] It would be a phenomenon if the African agricultural sector were to be left intact by the recession, especially those African countries that have agriculture as the backbone of their economy . Agriculture dependent economies such as the Ethiopian, Burundian and Malian saw a short fall in their agricultural products, leading to the reduction of their export revenues. [7] In light of this, many countries failed to reach their prescribed goals for production and exportation. As a result, farmers have been left helpless and mostly unemployed as the price of buying fertilizers, agricultural machinery and seeds increased drastically. This has led to a decrease in cultivation. Consequently, the less crops produced trigger an increase in food prices. The economic turmoil made the farmers helpless as they were unable to purchase seeds and fertilizers. This has lead to a decrease in cultivation and the export of products, hence worsening the impact on the food crisis. In this light, African governments have experienced a short fall in revenue which has threatened food security in Africa. To make matters worse, food aids to Africa have been considerably lower, therefore, the number of people facing food insecurity has increased tremendously. There is no doubt that the mining sector in many African countries was affected by the recession, considering the fact that Africa is rich in terms of mineral wealth. Botswana has an open economy which has the mining sector as its backbone. However, the global recession saw a decline in export demand and a reduction in prices of minerals such as nickel, diamonds as well as copper. As a result of this, there was a reduction in public revenue and company sales which lead to massive unemployment. The immediate result of this massive unemployment meant lower household expenditure and savings. On the whole, Botswana’s mining sector is characterized by production cuts, staff retrenchment and lengthy plant shutdowns. STOPPED While there is unemployment one should take into account the immediate effect of unemployment which is poverty. In Africa, women bear most of the economic hardships as they are in many instances widowed as a result of the HIV and AIDS pandemic and immediately take on the role of the bread winner. Regardless of this, due to the recession women are the first to lose their jobs, because men are regarded as the ‘legitimate’ jobholders. 8] Alas, many are left at a dead end, facing an increase in food prices coupled with unemployment. This usually leads to an increase in the cases of malnourished individuals and the most vulnerable being children. Having said this, it is important to note that some parts of Africa are less pronounced than others depending on the strength of the economy. In fact, because of women’s unequal position in the household and the workplace, girls are also more likely to be taken out of school first or not given medical treatment in order to cut down on family costs. In the same vein, the health sector which was already in a state of commotion prior to the recession has been further weakened. The health sector is reliant on aid from foreign organisations as well as financial packages. This aid can be in the form of money, drugs, machinery, medical and surgical implements and sundries and toiletries. The World Health Organisation and the Overseas Development Association are the main donors. Prior to the crisis, the African health sector had developed considerably although it faced many challenges but as the crisis worsened so did the condition of the sector. This can be illustrated by a cut down of all financial and social programmes, reduction in investment in the health sector as well as the decrease in supply and delivery of health care and other social services. The Overseas Development Association is the main organisation that deals with Aids victims by funding their medical needs. Thus a cut in this aid increases the rate of mortalities as well as the rate at which the pandemic spreads. From the onset of the crisis, African stock markets have been vulnerable and hence suffered severely. In Egypt and Nigeria the declines were reported to be 67% whilst many other African countries faced similar situations, these countries include Mauritius, Zambia, Kenya and Botswana. [9]In truth, most immediate effects of a crippled stock market are threats to the banking sector. Bearing this in mind, many banks have primarily felt the impacts of the economic turmoil. Surprisingly, African countries have suffered more losses than developed countries. Firstly, the balance sheet of banks was severely bruised. This takes place when borrowers are unable to meet their debt obligations due to a weakened economy and low income. Prior to the recession, well performing banks could afford to issue out loans, however, due to the financial crisis they faced because of the recession these prominent banks became bankrupt. Besides this, the IMF reports that the flow in nonperforming loans has caused huge profit losses in the banking sector. One can agree that the global recession was coupled with devastating impacts on society as a whole. However, the aftermath of the recession has paved way for economic strategies to prepare us for future crises. Whilst the effects of the recession subside there has been a massive decline in global food and energy prices. Moreover, there has been stabilization in this regard which has come as blessing for countries such as Botswana and South Africa this can be seen by an affordable and stabilised level of food prices and energy. With regards to unemployment the South African government created 500,000 ‘job opportunities in 2010 mainly through a public-works programme which was also done in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Furthermore, the government has set a target of 4 million new jobs by 2014. The government insists it will create ‘decent work’, even if hese jobs are only temporary as part and parcel of the Expanded Public Works Programme. However the government has reassured the public that these jobs are just a stepping stone for what is to come and a bridge to pave way for permanent, rights based employment. Additionally African governments namely Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania and South Africa have embarked on programmes such as negotiating a framework fo r a unified response by business, government and trade unions, with an emphasis on avoiding, where possible, retrenchments. [10] There has also been a reduction of interest rates. On the issue of interest rates, as a response to the financial crisis most of the African countries have taken actions to reduce their interest rates significantly since the very beginning of the crisis in the continent. In countries like Botswana and Egypt, central banks have made a decrease by 50 basis points. In Nigeria the interest rate was 10. 25% prior to the crisis but the central bank of Nigeria has reduced the rate to 9. 25% in response to the crisis. Many of the other countries include Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Tunisia also reduced interest rates. Contrary to this observation the Democratic republic of Congo is the only country that has not complied with strategy. Instead, Congolese banks have actually increased their interest rates. In South Africa the government has taken advantage of the situation by initiating policies and programmes which have reduced the negative effect of the crisis on child poverty and large scale poverty. These programmes will also provide emergency relief to households in distress in this regard although poverty is still problematic, many African countries have taken up social grants, most notably the child-support grant, as well as old-age pensions. Approximately 13 million south Africans benefit from the social grant system, also South Africa ranks among the as one of the most extensive in middle-income countries. [11] Similarly, Botswana and Namibia have taken up various grants with the main aim of fighting against the deepening of poverty and distress for the foreseeable future. Many banks went bankrupt during the recession and in order to prevent a similar scenario some African countries have taken several measures to ensure that there is a constant flow of credit in banks. This has been done by increasing the liquidity to banks and other financial firms in countries like Togo, Niger, Mali and Benin to name but a few. [12] Other countries have resorted to financial packages and new credit facilities to mobilize cash flow. This has been done in Tunisia, Cameroon and Liberia. International trade has played a vital role in the economic growth of African countries as a source of external revenue. So it is thus of adequate importance to solidify and pay attention to Africa’s relationship with the emerging economies of the world which is a handy and important business strategy. This helps Africa to find new markets to advertise and sell African commodities, over and above this it is a strategic way to accelerate export revenue mainly for the oil and other primary commodity exporting countries. On the whole it is encouraged to maintain strong ties with countries such as India and China in order to create opportunities in international market and to bring capital into Africa. As a result of the crisis a greater effort has been put to promote women’s equality and many donors have ensure that women’s voices are heard in high level discussions, conferences and forums, namely the G20 and G8 meetings. Furthermore aid has been increased significantly and an adequate amount t has been directed to cater for women and to support women’s empowerment programmes. Generally there has been an increase in organisations that strive for a world where women are equal, secure, respected and proud. Womankind works together with women’s organisations around the world to reduce violence against women, and to ensure women actively participate in society and ensure that their sole purpose of fighting for women’s rights is upheld. As a final remark, Africa has suffered severe impacts as a result of the recession, but will recover quite soon. Even if the general impact on exports was severe, it was not evenly distributed among sectors, regions and types of enterprise. With the help of the United Nations and many other donors and organisation Africa is at the brink of recovery. Additionally, Africa is in an advantageous position considering its numerous mineral wealth, hence we should rely on these commodities to safeguard our future. Considering the fact that the crisis abruptly affected trade African countries should implement strategies to enhance the demand of their products and to find more markets. Thus it is important to maintain close ties with international trade partners in order to have a constant flow of capital. I urge governments most notably the Zimbabwean government to to actively participate in economic activities and capital generating schemes, which Increase agricultural productivity which in turn raise output and lower food prices, hence reduce inflationary pressures and the demand for imports. Secondly, these governments should also carry out further research to prevent future crises or better preparation for future crises. This research should tackle the areas most affected by the recession such as employment, social welfare support, the health, agricultural, mining and tourism sectors and social prevention for vulnerable groups such as farmers, women, children and the labour force in general. Above all, I strongly feel that aid, funds and relief packages are not given to the appropriate people. Realistically speaking many government officials abuse their privileges and sell these packages for their own benefit, thus there needs to be a strict policy that ensures that these packages are readily available for the needy. From this research, I have concluded that in order for Africa to overcome the impacts of the recession, global strategies are a necessity in order to preserve the foundations of growth and wealth in Africa. END NOTES: [1] R. Triffin, The International Accounts of the United States and their Impact upon the Rest of the World, La Banque Internationale de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 1985,pp. 12-30 [2] R. J. Shiller, The economy and why it matters for global capitalism, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2010, pp. 17-51. [3] S. A. Madujibeya, â€Å"Oil and Nigeria’s Economic Development†, African affairs, Vol. 75, No. 300, Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts,1976, pp. 284-316. [4] M. T. Hadjimichael, â€Å"Growth in Sub- Saharan Africa,† IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 43, Zimbabwe, 2009, pp. 605–633. [5] R. Triffin, The International Accounts of the United States and their Impact upon the Rest of the World, La Banque Internationale de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 1985,pp. 28-43. [6] Ibid [7] S. Seguino, The Global Crisis, Its Gender Implications and Policy Responses, Burlington, Vermont, 2009, pp. 1-25 [8] R. A. Posner, A Failure of Capitalism: The Crisis of ’08 and the Descent into Depression, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2009, pp. 16-28. [9] S. A. Madujibeya, opcit, pp. 317-321 [10] D. Sahn, Adjusting to Policy Failure in African Economies, Cornell University, New York, 2010, pp. 3-19. [11] Ibid [12]Ibid, pp. 27-37. BIBLIOGRAPHY: M. T. Hadjimichael, â€Å"Growth in Sub- Saharan Africa,† IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 43, Zimbabwe,2009, pp. 605–633. S. A. Madujibeya , â€Å"Oil and Nigeria’s Economic Development†, African affairs, Vol. 75, No. 300, Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts,1976. R. A. Posner, A Failure of Capitalism: The Crisis of ’08 and the Descent into Depression, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2009. D. Sahn, Adjusting to Policy Failure in African Economies, Cornell University, New York, 2010. S. Seguino, The Global Crisis, Its Gender Implications and Policy Responses, Burlington, Vermont, 2009. R. J. Shiller, The economy and why it matters for global capitalism, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2010. R. Triffin, The International Accounts of the United States and their Impact upon the Rest of the World, La Banque Internationale de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 1985. How to cite The Impacts of the Global Recession of 2008-2009, Essay examples

Stress Management in the Workplace

Introduction Stress is among the major costly and significant cause of health troubles and mental agony. Stress at work place is considered the major primary stressor. Work stress is thought to affect individuals psychological and physical health as well as the organizations effectiveness in adverse manner. Work stress is one of the ailments that are acknowledged worldwide to be affecting the healthiness of the organization and the health or workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Management in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Workers who are stressed out will probable have a low motivation towards their work. In addition, stress can be detrimental to such member of staff as it possesses potential danger to their safety at work and in generally their efficiency is extremely low. Pressures at workplace and at home can cause stress. Sometimes it may be beyond employees mandate to protect the s taff against the stress caused by external factors for instance domestic strife but they can protect them from the stress that arises from work (Mandler, 2008). Stress has proved to be a major challenge in the realization of the organization objectives. It may have adverse effects on the organization and the workers. Effective and good management and an aspect of good organizational structure and culture play a vital role in stress prevention. In case the staffs are already stressed, the management should be aware of the situation and possibly devise a mechanism of addressing the challenge. There is generally low or minimal stress when one is adorned with resources, time, and experience to manage the challenges in any given situation. Stress can be viewed as a negative experience that deprives the organization of the productivity potential and it is an inevitable consequence of an occurrence. Stress depends on the peoples perceptions and attitudes towards a given situation and this determines how they will cope with the situation. To be able to develop stress management strategy for any organization, it will be essential to understand the causes of the stress in any given organization (Davis, Eshelman, McKay Fanning, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion Causes of Stress and Solutions There are many possible causes of stress in any work set-up. It is vital to recognize and identify the main causes of stress in any organization and be able to develop mechanism of coping up with the challenges that stress at work is likely to present. Among the typical stress, inducers include the cases of excess workload which most of them do not have realistic deadlines to deliver, this is likely to make people rush, and this puts the employees under pressure. Most of the people are overwhelmed in these situations. On the contrary having insufficient workl oads may also result in stress as the individuals feel underemployment and their skills are not being maximized. In such scenarios, one feels the organizations may not appreciate the potential at their disposal. It would be important to define clearly the tasks to be done in any given timeframe and both the interested parties to be involved in the generation of the work plan that will guide the operations or the activities to be done at any given time. Another possible cause of stress is when one lacks control of the work he or she is in charge. The lack of control of the activities at work may result in one being stressed since the individuals cannot plan or organize the work according to his or her wish. Poor working relationship and lack of interpersonal support is likely to affect ones performance in any organization. Such scenarios make staff feel isolated and their general lack of coordination of the activities in the organization. In such cases, it is very important to define the line of command and the individual’s area of jurisdiction to minimize conflicts (Davis, Eshelman, McKay Fanning, 2006). The demands on individuals to do the job that they do not have experience on may also expose one to stress conditions. Having insufficient training in most of the tasks one is involved in is likely to frustrate one in carrying out their responsibilities at the organization. Here most individuals are not able to deliver and are at risk as a result of fear of not being able to deliver the expected outputs in a given task assigned to them. It is important that the right people are employed for the right job. During hiring, it would be important for the supervisor of any individuals to go through the job descriptions and evaluation to be done to identify the training needs that the staff may need to be able to perform the given task effectively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Management in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also challenges associated with promotion into a new position. Most people find it difficult to settle when given a new position especially when it comes to promotions. The requirements for adapting to a new office contribute to such pressure. Such challenges come with the more demands that the position presents and the changes in the possible relationship and associations with colleagues. The organization should have clearly defined rules governing promotions and pay increment procedures that are transparent where every due recognition must be given t9o the deserving individual There are concerns related to job security, most people feel under pressure to deliver in order to be guaranteed their job. Such scenarios lead to people working extra hours and sometimes out themselves under unnecessary pressure with an aim to impress. This can be said to be caused by lack of other career opportunities, which leads indivi duals to stick to the job they may not be comfortable with. People also get stress as they strive to get pay rise or attain a certain level of pay level. Most of the jobs pay individuals based on the output and most of the jobs are such that the more you work the more the possible returns. It will be essential to cultivate the culture where individuals explore mechanisms of working smart rather than working hard. Working harder has shown to detrimental to people physical and health situation. There are also cases of harassment and bullying that is reported in most organization. This usually happens in all levels of work. The causes for the bullying and harassment are believed to be varied from the racial factors, gender, age, and affiliation in the organization. Cases of sexual harassment have gone unattended because the victims fear the stigmatization that may result. Such cases have been reported in most organization where men and women have been sexually exploited at the expense of their ethical believes and subscriptions and this has led to many suffering in silence (Muchinsky, 2009). It will be essential for the system to have in place an amicable mechanism that is able to address such cases without making the fuss on the victims. Most of the racial cases will require the cultivation of the spirit of team work where all the players in organization feel being part of the organization. Such situations will require the top management team lead by example and have an open system where the members work together as a team and not like a gang where consultation is not allowed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The system must also be open in such a way that appropriate consultation is carried out when any major decision is made that is likely to impact on the life of any staff in the organization to reduce the cases of uncertainty and rise of informal organization. There are incidences of blame culture where no one wants to be accountable for the action or mistake. The existence of blame culture within any business set up arise when people in the organization are not willing to take responsibility for any action or mistake that has occurred in the organization. This has resulted in rise in temperature especially when the mistake is likely to have serious effects on the organizations performance or image. It is essential that everybody be trained to take responsibility for his or her actions. The organizations must clearly define the job profiles for all staff members. Furthermore, the chain of command must be developed and who is in charge of which department be clearly stipulated to redu ce uncertainty when it comes to who takes responsibility or credit for any happenings in the department. Existence of weak and ineffective management in any organization is likely to stress most of the good staff. Such scenarios mostly leave the staff with a sense of absence or lack of direction and this mostly frustrates their effort in pursuing their individuals and organizations goals. The lack of direction has such far-reaching effect to the organizations performance. On the reverse, there are cases where there is over-management and here we see the employees feeling undervalued in the organization and this may affect their self-esteem. It is very essential for the management to be able to clearly define the lines of command and have an all-inclusive decision making structure in all levels of management. The organization must have clear organs at the various levels of management. The set up should be in such that the decisions made at operational level are binding. The same shou ld be the case with decisions made at the tactical management level and the strategic management level. The organizations should have an effective decision support system at all levels that are informed of the decisions being made. All the staff would like to play their role in various levels, the ability of the organizations to delegate the decisions to various levels of management would cultivate the culture of collectiveness, and this would promote the inclusiveness of all the stakeholders in the running of the organization (Hackman, 2007). In such cases the staff will be motivated and their contribution in various consultative meetings is likely top boost their value to the organizations and their self-esteem. Another evident cause of stress is the existence of different levels of reporting and mostly with different goals and objectives. This can result in conflict, as each manager would like his or her work to be treated as urgent and important. This is likely to put a lot of p ressure on the individuals and forced to treat every work on table as very urgent and important. Operating in such a quadrant may result to individual breakdown and there are tendencies of poor performance. It will be essential for all the managers to be consulted when drafting the work plan of the staff to minimize the conflict of interest when carrying out the work when one is reporting to multiple managers. This is likely to be achieved when the time allocated for serving each manager is well documented as specified. There must be a working mechanism put in place to addressing the possible conflicts that may arise in such circumstances. The staff must be advised on how to plan the work and be able to given promises on what he or she can realistically deliver. Planning your work is likely to reduce the last minute rush to meet every deadline. Having ones, priority right is likely to productively, guide individual’s performance in such cases (Muchinsky, 2009). The failure by the management to inform the employees of any impending changes is likely to result in stress. Decisions that are likely to have a long term effect on the future of the employees must be communicated clearly to the staff and there should be a reliable conflict address system in place to act as mediators in case such decisions are likely to affect the operations in the organizations (Hackman, 2007). Conclusion Determination of the stress causes and addressing the challenges is very important in the survival of any organization. The procedure will always take into account the job analysis of the staff, the psychological assessment of the employees and the management, the legal issues related with the personnel selection and hiring procedures. All these must be factored when determining the effective program to address the already stressed staff or reduce the likelihood of the situation from deteriorating. References Davis M., Eshelman E., McKay M. Fanning P. (2006). The Relaxation a nd stress reduction workbook. California, CA: New Harbinger Publication. Hackman, R.J. (2007). Leading teams setting the stage for great performances. Massachusetts, MA: Harvard University Press. Mandler, G. (2008). Thought, memory and learning: Effects of emotional stress. New York, NY: Free Press. Muchinsky, P.M. (2009). Psychology applied to work. 9th Ed. Summerfield, NC: Hypergraphic Press. This essay on Stress Management in the Workplace was written and submitted by user Mohammed Stark to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.